Inclusion or Illusion? Mapping Moroccan Attitudes toward Amazigh Visibility in Public Space, Politics, and Civil Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70036/cltls.v2i2.94Keywords:
Amazigh, attitudes, Morocco, public space, administration, politics, civil society, thematic analysisAbstract
Aims: This study surveys Moroccans' attitudes and standpoints on the Amazigh language's integration into public administration, public space, political work, and the activities of Amazigh civil society associations. Methods: A thematic analysis framework is drawn upon to examine data gathered through a structured survey with 150 respondents from various Moroccan regions. For contextual sustenance, the thematic exploration is bolstered by basic quantifications. Result: The findings reveal substantial public support for the use of Amazigh in public services to help monolingual Amazigh speakers communicate and streamline legal procedures. Cultural diversity and citizenship values are also viewed as being promoted thanks to the visibility of Tifinagh in public space. Highlighting its value in promoting diversity in the political sphere, participants predominantly support adopting the Amazigh language for political engagement. With reference to the work of Amazigh civil society organizations, views are divergent. Some respondents acknowledge these organizations’ momentous contributions, yielded despite demanding conditions, while others critique them for inefficiency and ideological biases. Implication: These insights call attention to more policy and community action and emphasize the emerging role of Amazigh in Moroccan society.
References
Ait Laaguid, B. (2024). From margins to mainstream: Probing the Amazigh-in-education policy in Morocco. Journal of Digital Sociohumanities, 2(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.25077/jds.2.1.41-57.2025
Ait Laaguid, B., & Khaloufi, A. (2023). Amazigh language use on social media: An exploratory study. Jurnal Arbitrer, 10(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.10.1.24-34.2023
Alalou, A. (2023). The sociolinguistic situation in North Africa: Recognizing and institutionalizing Tamazight and new challenges. Annual Review of Linguistics, 9, 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-054916
Aslan, S. (2014). The rise of the Amazigh movement and state cooptation in Morocco. In Nation-building in Turkey and Morocco: Governing Kurdish and Berber dissent (pp. 164–195). Cambridge University Press. http://doi.org:10.1017/CBO9781107294387.005
Belhiah, H., Majdoubi, M., & Safwate, M. (2020). Language revitalization through the media: A case study of Amazigh in Morocco. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2020(266), 121–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2114
Boukous, A. (2012). Revitalizing the Amazigh language: Stakes, challenges, and strategies. Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Collado, Á. S. (2013). The Amazigh movement in Morocco: New generations, new references of mobilization and new forms of opposition. The Journal of North African Studies, 18(3), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2013.779700
El Borji, N. (2022). The officialization of the Amazigh language in Morocco: A historic event. International Arab Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.34874/PRSM.iajesp-vol5iss1.35049
El Guabli, B. (2024). Amazigh indigenous post-coloniality and Maghreb/North African studies. The Journal of North African Studies, 30(2), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2024.2436701
El Kadoussi, A., Zaid, B., & Ibahrine, M. (2024). Amazigh cultural movement and media in Morocco. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.1345
Fischer, S. R. (2011). Amazigh legitimacy through language in Morocco. Human Rights and Human Welfare. https://docslib.org/doc/764152/amazigh-legitimacy-through-language-in-morocco-by-sarah-r
Gellner, E., & Micaud, C. (Eds.). (1973). Arabs and Berbers: From tribe to nation in North Africa. Lexington Books.
Ichou, A., & Fathi, S. (2022). Amazigh language in education policy and planning in Morocco: Effects of the gap between macro and micro levels of planning. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 5(8), 3702–3719. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i8-49
Idhssaine, A. (2020). Moroccans’ attitudes towards Amazigh language teaching: Patterns and perspectives. Applied Linguistics Research Journal, 4(3), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.14744/alrj.2020.62634
Idhssaine, A., & El Kirat, Y. (2019). Amazigh language use, perceptions and revitalisation in Morocco: The case of Rabat-Sale region. The Journal of North African Studies. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2019.1690996
Maddy-Weitzman, B. (2001). The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states. University of Texas Press.
Maddy-Weitzman, B. (2022). Amazigh politics in the wake of the Arab Spring. University of Texas Press. https://doi.org/10.7560/324820
Masbah, M. (2011). The Amazigh in Morocco: Between the internal and the external. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.
Moustaoui, A. (2006). El nuevo modelo de política lingüística en Marruecos y la legislación que lo sustenta. Al-Andalus Magreb, (13), 231–250.
Lafkioui, M. B. (2013). Multilingualism, multimodality and identity construction on French based Amazigh (Berber) websites. Revue française de linguistique appliquée, 18(2), 135–151. https:// doi:10.3917/rfla.182.0135
Lafkioui, M. (2008). Identity construction through bilingual Amazigh Dutch digital discourse. In M. Lafkioui & V. Brugnatelli (Eds.), Berber in contact: Linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (Vol. 22, pp. 217–231). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-444501
Quinn, S. D. (2020). Language policy, prestige, and stigma: A case study of Moroccan Amazigh language varieties (Master's thesis, Georgetown University). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373331248
Reino, T. (2007). Language attitudes: Amazigh in Morocco. Swarthmore College. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/10202
Sadiqi, F. (2011). The teaching of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco. In J. Fishman & O. García (Eds.), Handbook of language and ethnic identity: The success-failure continuum in language and ethnic identity efforts (pp. 33–44). Oxford University Press.
Schwed, J. (2017). The power dynamics of language: An analysis of the positionality of Amazigh language in Morocco. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection, 2632. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2632
Silverstein, P., & Crawford, D. (2004). Amazigh activism and the Moroccan state. In C. Toensing (Ed.), Middle East Report, 233 (pp. 44–48). MERIP. https://doi.org/10.2307/1559451
Soulaimani, D. (2015). Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies. Writing Systems Research, 8(1), 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
The National Federation of Amazigh Associations [FNAA]. (2017). Shadow report of the National Federation of Amazigh Associations in Morocco under the third cycle of the Universal Periodic Review of Morocco 27th session of the Universal Periodic Review Working Group/ May 2017. https://upr-info.org/sites/default/files/documents/2017-04/js20_upr27_mar_e_main.pdf
U.S. Department of State. (2021). 2020 country reports on human rights practices: Morocco. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
Zakhir, M. (2023). The challenges of Amazigh in education in Morocco. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 46(4), 1127–1141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2226638
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Brahim Ait Laaguid

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Authors who publish with Comparative Linguistics, Translation and Literary Studies agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
License
This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0